Azoospermia, which can be defined as the presence of only the seminal glands and prostate gland fluids and the absence of sperm in the semen, is divided into two groups depending on its causes:

What are the causes of azoospermia?

It would be healthy to deal with the reasons through two groups. First; azoospermia due to insufficient sperm production in testicles, and the second one; azoospermia due to obstruction in the sperm ducts.

So, what are the reasons for insufficient or no sperm production in the testicles?

Some fathers may have less or no hormones secreted from the brain that control sperm production. This condition is called hypogonadism. However, if the hormones produced by the brain are given to the father-to-be externally, sperm production can return to normal. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to look at the hormone levels of the father-to-be. Deficiencies in some gene regions on the Y chromosome, which is responsible for sperm production, can also cause this situation.

While the father-to-be should normally have 46 chromosomes, sometimes there may be an extra sex chromosome. This condition is called ‘Klinefelter syndrome’. This disorder, which negatively affects testicular growth, causes small testicles and penis, weak bones, decrease in facial and body hair, low muscle structure, and low testosterone production. In addition, a history of undescended testicles can be found in some of the azoospermic father candidates. While undescended testicles interfere with the production of healthy sperm, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can reduce or reset the number of stem cells that produce sperm.

How is the examination and treatment carried out?

Versatile examinations and examinations are performed for father candidates who apply to a specialist due to azoospermia. According to the results, supportive treatments are applied for the cause of azoospermia. However, a father-to-be who has no sperm in his semen can also have children. Because even in this case, sperm production can occur in the testicles. Therefore, it would not be correct to say that the azoospermic father-to-be is completely sterile.